Vitamin
A - retinol, retinal,
retinoic acid, carotenoids such as beta-carotene
Hypovitaminosis A
(Deficiency Symptoms)
Hypervitaminosis A
(Toxicity Symptoms)
Bones/Teeth
Cessation of bone growth, painful joints, impaired
enamel formation, cracks in teeth, tendency to decay,
atrophy of dentin-forming cells
Increased activity of osteoclasts causing
decalcification, joint pain, fragility, stunted growth,
and thickening of long bones; increase of pressure inside
skull, mimicking brain tumor; headaches
Blood
Anemia, often masked by dehydration
Loss of hemoglobin and potassium by red blood cells,
cessation of menstruation, slowed clotting time, easily
induced bleeding
Eyes
Night blindness, changes in epithelial tissue
(hyperkeratinization), drying (xerosis), triangular gray
spots on eye (Bitot's spots), irreversible drying
(keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration (blindness)
None
Skin
Plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming
white lumps (hyperkeratosis)
Dryness; itching; peeling; rashes; dry, scaling lips;
cracking and bleeding of lips; nosebleeds; loss of hair;
brittle nails
Digestive System
Changes in lining; diarrhea
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight
loss
Immune System
Suppression of immune reactions: frequent
respiratory, digestive, bladder, vaginal, and kidney
infections
Overstimulation of immune reactions
Nervous/Muscular Systems
Brain and spinal cord growth too fast for stunted
skull and spine
Loss of appetite, irritability, fatigue, insomnia,
restlessness, headaches, blurred vision, nausea,
vomiting, muscle weakness, interference with thyroxin
Other
Kidney stones
Amenorrhea, jaundice, enlargement of liver and
spleen, massive accumulation of fat and vitamin A in
liver
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 400-401.
Vitamin D - calciferol, cholecalciferol, dihydroxy
vitamin D
Rickets in Children
Hypovitaminosis D
(Deficiency Symptoms)
Osteomalacia in Adults
Hypovitaminosis D
(Deficiency Symptoms)
Hypervitaminosis D
(Toxicity Symptoms)
Bones/Teeth
Faulty calcification, resulting in misshapen bones
(bowing of legs) and retarded growth; enlargement of ends
of long bones (knees, wrists); deformities of ribs
(bowed, with heads or knobs); delayed closing of
fontanel, resulting in rapid enlargement of dead; slow
eruption of teeth; malformed, decay-prone teeth
Softening effect: deformities of limbs spine, thorax,
and pelvis; demineralization; pain in pelvis, lower back,
and legs; bone fractures.
Lax muscles resulting in protrusion of abdomen;
muscles spasms
Involuntary twitching, muscle spasms
Loss of appetite, headache, weakness, fatigue,
excessive thirst, irritability, apathy
Excretory System
Increased calcium in stools, decreased calcium in
urine
None
Increased excretion of calcium in urine, kidney
stones, irreversible renal damage
Other
Abnormality high secretion of parathormone
None
Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels,
kidneys, heart, lungs, tissue around joints), death
Comment:
Animal-rights wackos have propagated the lies about
vitamin A and D toxicity from cod liver oil in hopes that people will avoid
taking it because it is an animal product. Other unknowledgeable people pass
the false information on and on and on until nearly everyone accepts it. One teaspoon
of Carlson's lemon flavored cod liver oil has about 20% RDA of vitamin A and 100%
RDA of vitamin D, or 400 IU. This website author has taken 2 tablespoons (6 teaspoons) per day for several
years with only healthy benefits.
This gives just a little more than the RDA of vitamin A and 6 times the level
of vitamin D. However, you would have to take 30 tablespoons per
day for 6 months to reach the slightest level of toxicity of vitamin D. Polar bear liver can have such a high level of
vitamin D that it killed early explorers in just one meal. So, don't eat any
polar bear liver....LOL. A "global warming"
brainwashing scare was presented on the Internet and TV on December 1, 2006 in which polar bears
looked forlorn as if trapped on the floating piece of
ice? This brainwashing story is run several times a year on the Internet and TV.
Actually, the bears are simply looking suspiciously at the humans nearby who are
taking pictures. The story is nonsense and
brainwashing. The bears can swim for 100 miles in open sea just for the fun
of it, and they know
where they are going. The ice along
Northern Canada and Alaska has always melted at the shoreline in summer. That is
why explorers tried to search for the Northwest Passage, a route that was ice
free around Northern Canada. The passage is rarely fully open, but an icebreaker
has made the trip from Greenland to Alaska. The Franklin party comprised of
two ships tried to find the passage in 1825. They knew they would be trapped
in the ice all winter and prepared for it by bringing guns, food and lime juice
for vitamin C. They all died anyway from scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C
deficiency. The men on the trapped ships could see the nearby Eskimos waving as they went
about their daily routine hunting seals, raising babies, taking care of
old people and feeding their dogs. The Eskimos had no guns and ate a 100% meat diet.
Professional nutritionists brainwash the public by claiming that meat has no vitamin C.
Actually, the Eskimo's 100% meat diet prevented scurvy and could cure scurvy in
those who suffer from it as proven by arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson.
"Vitamin D 1000 μg
(40,000 IU)/day produces toxicity within 1 to 4 mo in infants; as little as 50
to 75 μg (2000 to 3000 IU)/day, if taken for
years, can produce toxicity. In adults, taking 2500 μg
(100,000 IU)/day for several months can produce toxicity."
TEST: Any health advisor,
professional nutritionist or medical doctor that discourages taking cod liver
oil by warning of vitamin A or D toxicity is a wacko. An adult would have to
take 30 tablespoons per day for six months to reach any level of vitamin D
toxicity. If you believe the vitamin A or D toxicity stories, you have been
brainwashed.
BTW, Did you see the "global warming"
brainwashing scare on the Internet and TV on December 1, 2006 in which the polar bears
are looking forlorn on the floating piece of
ice? This brainwashing story is run several times a year on the Internet and TV.
Actually, the bears are simply suspicious of the humans nearby. The story is all nonsense and
brainwashing. The bears can swim for 100 miles in open sea just for the fun
of it, and they know
where they are going. The ice has always melted at the shoreline in summer along
Northern Canada and Alaska. That is
why explorers tried to search for the Northwest Passage, a route that was ice
free around Northern Canada. The passage is never fully open, but an icebreaker
has made the trip from Greenland to Alaska. The Franklin party comprised of
two ships tried to find the passage in 1825. They knew they would be trapped
in the ice all winter and prepared for it with their guns, food and lime juice
for vitamin C. They all died anyway from scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C
deficiency. The nearby Eskimos would wave to the men on the ships as they went
about their daily routine hunting seals, raising babies, taking care of
old people and feeding their dogs. They had no guns and ate a 100% meat diet.
Professional nutritionists will tell you meat has no vitamin C. That is just
another example of brainwashing.
The major story on December 1, 2006
was not about the polar bear trapped on the ice floe. It was about Chicago
trapped in the ice of a major winter blizzard. More than 400 flights were
cancelled at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and 2.4 million people are
without power. Ice is everywhere. Trees are collapsing under the ice load and
taking down power lines. Schools are closed.
TEST: If you believe the story
about polar bears being trapped on a melting ice floe, you have been
brainwashed.
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 408.
Vitamin E - Alpha-tocopherol, tocopherol, tocotrienol
Hypovitaminosis E
(Deficiency Symptoms)
Hypervitaminosis E
(Toxicity Symptoms)
Blood/Circulatory System
Red blood cell breakage, anemia
Augments effects of anticlotting medication
Digestive System
None
General discomfort
Nervous/Muscular System
Degeneration, weakness, difficulty walking, severe
pain in calf muscles
None
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 411.
Vitamin K - menadione, menaquinone, phylloquinone,
napthoquinone
Hypovitaminosis K
(Deficiency Symptoms)
Hypervitaminosis K
(Toxicity Symptoms)
Blood/Circulatory System
Hemorrhaging
Interference with anticlotting medications; vitamin K
analogues may cause jaundice, red blood cell hemolysis,
and brain damage.
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 416.
Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, depression
Headache, fatigue, insomnia
Skeletal System
Bone fragility, joint pain
None
Skin
Rough skin, blotchy bruises
Hot flashes, rashes
Other
Failure of wounds to heal
Interference with medical tests, aggravation of gout
symptoms, urinary tract problems, kidney stones
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 379.
Comparison of Water-Soluble and Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins:
B Vitamins and Vitamin C
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
Vitamins A, D, E and K
Absorption
Directly into the blood
First into the lymph, then the blood
Transport
Travel freely
Many require protein carriers
Storage
Freely circulate in water-filled parts of the body
Trapped in the cells associated with fat
Excretion
Kidneys detect and remove excess in urine
Less readily excreted; tend to remain in fat-storage
sites
Toxicity
Unlikely to reach toxic levels when consumed in
excess
Likely to reach toxic levels when consumed in excess
Requirements
Needed in frequent, small doses
Needed in periodic doses
Adapted from Understanding Nutrition, Seventh
Edition. Eleanor Noss Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes, p. 347.
Links to Vitamin
Toxicity Resources Vitamin A and D are not nearly the overdose risk as claimed.
Vitamin K3 synthetic can be toxic, but Vitamins K1 and K2 are not.
Synthetic vitamin E has been proven to be unhealthy. Take natural mixed tocopherols.
To support this website
just place 1 or 2 dollars in an envelope and send it to:
Kent R. Rieske
5086 Cottonwood Drive
Boulder, CO 80301 USA
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Vitamin
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